See The North and South of Cyprus

At this time, Greek and Turkish ethnic communities lived side by side on the island. The British, however, were worried that both groups might rise up as one and overthrow their 'colonial oppressors', despite many Greek and Turkish Cypriots going on to fight on the side of the British in both World Wars. Divide and rule had long been used as British colonial policy and so there seemed little need to halt the practice in Cyprus.

Political leaders in Athens and Ankara both considered the island to be rightfully theirs. Under British rule, Greek Cypriots thought that Cyprus would eventually become part of Greece. This thought process was also actively encouraged by the Cypriot Orthodox Church. Turkish Cypriots – who were by far the island's minority group – were in favour of partition. This view was held even though many Turkish leaders still considered Cyprus to be an extension of Anatolia. Cultural and religious views began to blend into nationalist pride as each group identified more vehemently with messages from the mainland, partisan schooling, religious leaders, and the actions of the British.

Ironically, it was the British who brokered a ceasefire between the sides by drawing a line on a map in 1964. What became known as the Green Line – this being the colour of the pen that was used – cut through the center of Nicosia, and United Nations peacekeeping troops were deployed. Istanbul threatened to invade; Athens sent an army to the island to prevent a takeover.

Embargoes

Since the TRNC announced independence they’ve been slapped with international trade, travel and communication embargoes; many of which are still in place to this day. From sports teams and athletes not being allowed to compete internationally, to flights only allowed via Turkey, the TRNC has been economically strangled and socially isolated for over half a century.

As a member of the EU and the UN, the Republic of Cyprus really does hold all the cards. Ercan Airport, for example, has continuously been denied international status. All aircraft traveling to or from Ercan have to touchdown in Turkey first, before continuing their onwards flight. This often leads to a lengthy delay on the tarmac for passengers who are required to remain in their seats.

Although Turkish Cypriots can visit the south, and therefore the EU, as consumers, they cannot as producers and exporters. Border controls restrict the amount of goods that can be brought in from the north and will confiscate anything considered over the limit. This applies to foreign tourists, too; ask your vacation company for more details.