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Climbing Kilimanjaro guide

Climbing the highest, free-standing mountain in the world is an extraordinary achievement - but as this climbing Kilimanjaro travel guide reveals - it's one that is not out of reach. Reaching the 5,895m Uhuru Peak is done by trekking, not climbing - so you need good fitness, rather than technical ability, to make it up there. You also need a good mountain guide, and to be prepared to rough it - as our travel guide explains.

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Climbing Kilimanjaro guide

2 minute summary

Kilimanjaro is the highest free standing mountain in the world. There is no mountain range enveloping it because it is, in fact, a volcano. Bang in the middle of the Great Rift Valley, it erupted out of nowhere from the flat plains that surround it a million-odd years ago. This created a massif with three separate volcanic cones, Kibo, Mawenzi and Shira. It stands proudly like an overseeing elder, wrapped in a cloak of white, waiting to greet those who are brave enough to take on a trek that totally transcends Tanzania. And confidence is the main prerequisite for summiting Kili. You don’t need climbing skills, just good fitness levels and a lot of determination. Kilimanjaro National Park is its real overseer, of course, taking responsibility to train local guides who expertly lead keen trekkers up its summit, Uhuru Peak at 5,895 metres. Where, if you can make it at sunrise, you can actually see the curvature of the earth. No wonder Uhuru means ‘freedom’.

Is Kilimanjaro for you?

RESPONSIBLE TRAVEL RECOMMENDS

Trek Kilimanjaro if…

You want to summit Africa. It’s the tallest mountain on the African continent and when you get to the top you certainly know it. With no other mountains around it, if you can be there at sunrise, you can actually see the curvature of the earth.
You are fit. But you don’t have to be a marathon runner. If you can run for 30 minutes two to three times a week, and enjoy an all day hike at weekends, you will be fine. Nor do you have to have technical climbing skills. Just the ability to put one foot in front of the other. And a lot of determination.
You enjoy the company of an expert local guide. You have to be accompanied by a Kilimanjaro National Park qualified guide to trek on Kilimanjaro. These guys are the business, undergoing a three-year training programme and summiting up to 30 times a year.
You want to absorb Africa. Kilimanjaro is on the edge of the Serengeti National Park and also only an hour’s flight from Zanzibar. So, you can summit, safari and snorkel, all within ten days if you want.

Don’t trek Kilimanjaro if…

You want to race to the top. Kilimanjaro is not to be raced. It takes at least five days of trekking to summit Kilimanjaro and at 5,895m high, you have to pace yourself carefully in order to adjust to the altitude.
If you have respiratory or heart conditions – Trekking at altitude puts a lot of stress on the body. At the summit of Kilimanjaro, there is 40 percent less oxygen in the air so it's a bit like walking with only one lung. Consequently, if you have any heart conditions or respiratory problems, that is quite dangerous.
You don’t like roughing it – there isn’t a luxurious way of doing Kili. Although if you travel with a reputable tour operator, they will have top quality mountain tents and food as good as possible. But be prepared for at least five days of real mountain living. And lie-ins are not really a thing on the mountain either.
You are more into Michelin Stars than star gazing on a remote mountainside. Tanzania is not famous for its culinary highlights, and even less so on a mountainside. You’ll get the best Arabica coffee around, though, grown on the slopes of Kilimanjaro.

Trekking Kilimanjaro

WHAT DOES THIS TRIP ENTAIL?

When trying to get your head around all the details of what a trek up Kilimanjaro entails, we have listed a few key ‘S’ words which encompass most of the questions people want answered:

Success

This is the question on everyone’s lips. Will I make it? The route you choose is often key to this, with some routes boasting more success rates than others. Success rates depend mostly on altitude and the speed at which you tackle Kili. If you go up too quickly, you are in much more danger of suffering from altitude sickness. And anything more than mild altitude sickness means coming back down again. There are seven routes to choose from, and each has different success rates. They are: Marangu and Machame, Rongai and Lemosho and, less frequented, Northern, Shira and Umbwe.

Support

The classic trip up Kilimanjaro is on a small group vacation, led by highly qualified mountain guides. The good news is that you can fly to Kilimanjaro International Airport, Tanzania, acclimatise at the national park’s main town of Moshi , trek to the summit and be back home in a week, if time is an option. And that is not even racing it. You can also choose a longer trip, of course, which might take a different route up to the summit, and then you can include a safari and a beach trip while you are at it. Generally, you are going to spend at least five days on the mountain. A responsible tour operator will have a strong support team, usually with one qualified guide for every two to three people, and three porters per person; you won’t have to carry anything more than a day pack. The trekking guides are all highly qualified, having undertaken three years of training with the Kilimanjaro National Park. You cannot trek on Kilimanjaro without one of these qualified Tanzanian guides. It isn’t just a case of being allocated a guide on the day either. Tour operators interview the guides themselves, work with the ones they know well, and create strong working relationships with them.

Sleep

At night you sleep in mountain tents, in official campsites – with the exception of the Marangu Route, where there are mountain huts to stay in. But for the other routes, you will be sleeping in state of the art, three-person tents, although you can usually request a single tent if you wish. How you sleep becomes a big talking point on Kili treks. So, before you go, it is worth getting used to camping, sleeping on a thermal mattress, tucking up in a sleeping bag, and stretching your muscles until they awake in the mornings. It is amazing how many people trek Kili who have never spent a night in a tent and the lack of sleep can become a major hindrance to their success in getting to the summit. In fact, the final ascent usually starts in the middle of the night. Of course, even if you have slept in a tent plenty of times, the altitude itself can be a major cause of insomnia anyway, and unfortunately this isn’t something you can prepare for. The good news is that most trips usually accommodate you in a hotel on the first and last nights of your trip.

S*** and a shower

There’s no avoiding the ‘S’ issue most of us are too polite to ask about. There are toilet facilities at the mountain campsites, but they are basic. Hole in the ground basic. Many tour operators bring their own portable loos, which they enclose in a small tent and which one of the porters has the unpleasant job of emptying into the public toilet. So, bring bio-degradable baby wipes. And bio-degradable nappy bags come in handy too if you are caught short. As you can imagine, water is also a big issue on Kilimanjaro, so forget any notion of showers. Any water that is used is carried for you by porters. There is hot water for washing, but the best tip you will get is, bring a few good flannels. And break out those baby wipes again if necessary.

Sustenance

Food is prepared by your porters and guides, and although Tanzania isn’t actually way up there on the world map of gastronomy, you will devour the local meat stews and rice after a day of hiking. Of course, responsible tour operators will cater for all dietary needs if you let them know in advance. There is usually a communal tent with tables and chairs for meal times.

Sickness

Mount Kilimanjaro stands at 5,895m – altitude sickness, or Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS) can kick in at less than half that height. One of the worst things about altitude sickness is that it is very hard to predict. You can be very fit, but still get hit badly when the moment comes. The ideal thing is for you to test your abilities at altitude before you go by heading up somewhere that has a quick way down if you suffer badly. But for this, you need to get to over 4000m, which isn’t always practical for most people and not possible in the UK. There are plenty of people who summit, however, who have no idea in advance how prone to altitude sickness they might be. Ascending slowly is key to reducing your chances of feeling ill, with several routes allowing you to ‘walk high, sleep low’ i.e ascend during the day, but descend a little to sleep, putting a lot less stress on your body. If you do get sick, the best cure is to descend – even a couple of hundred metres can make a difference. For this reason, we recommend the longer routes to the summit. Keep well hydrated and let your guide know if you are feeling unwell. They are the experts and won’t consider anything too small a symptom to worry about.

A brief history of Kilimanjaro

You can see the history of trekkers spelled out across Kilimanjaro, depending on which route you take. Such as the Hans Meyer Cave, located on the final stretch, named after the German geology professor who was the first recorded person to have summited Mount Kilimanjaro, alongside Austrian Ludwig Purtscheller in 1889. The highest peak, now called Uhuru, was originally named Kaiser Wilhelm Spitze, meaning Kaiser Wilhelm peak; Wilhelm was Germany’s emperor of the time. One of the mountain’s cones, Mawenzi, is also known as Hans Meyer Peak. Read more ▼

Meyer is a good example of the determined characters who seek to conquer Kili. On his previous attempt, in 1888, the Abushiri War broke out, which was an Arab led revolt against German traders in East Africa, and he was captured and held prisoner. He was eventually freed after a ransom was paid, but went back the following year for another attempt. This time a successful one.

Part of Meyer’s secret was the establishment of camps, so that food could be left there by porters to sustain him, and his team, throughout the climb; this system of camps still exists today. You can also see a memorial to Hans Meyer at the Marangu Gate of Kilimanjaro National Park.
The Furtwängler Glacier on Kilimanjaro was named after Walter Furtwängler who was the fourth to reach the summit of in 1912. During the century that has passed since then, the glacier has retreated by 80 percent, which represents the new history of Kilimanjaro in the making, this time by climate change. Scientists believe that the iconic snow covered peaks of Kili may have disappeared between 2022 and 2033*.

Volcanic activity still affects Kilimanjaro too, although only one of the peaks, Kibo, the highest at 5,895m is dormant, the other two extinct. The last recorded volcanic activity was 200 years ago, which formed the symmetrical cone of the Reusch Crater and the ash pit, where you can still smell sulphur and where the hot earth prevents ice from forming. This crater was named in 1954 after Gustav Otto Richard Reusch, who climbed Kili 65 times and summitted 25 times.

To put these conquests into historical context, Tanzania was a German colony and part of German East Africa from the 1880s to 1919, when, under the League of Nations, it became a British mandate. Tanzania finally became independent in 1963. Independence also gave Kilimanjaro’s peak its new name: Uhuru, which means, aptly, ‘freedom’ in Swahili. And in terms of protecting this free and wild place, it was declared a game reserve during German colonial times and then, in 1921, was designated as a forest reserve. In 1973, the mountain above the tree line (about 2,700 metres) was reclassified as a national park, which expanded in 2005 to include all the montane forest surrounding it. The park is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The first map, based on aerial photography, was published in 1964 by the UK’s Directorate of Overseas Surveys, with tourist mapping published by Ordnance Survey in England in 1989.

* Source: Live Science

Photo credits: [Top box: Kyle Taylor] [success: Colin Mutchler] [sleep: Abir Anwar] [food: Matt Price] [local guide : kaythaney]

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