EU residents can apply for a European Health Insurance Card (EHIC), which gives you free emergency treatment at hospitals.

The EHIC doesn’t replace travel insurance, which covers non-essential treatment along with emergency repatriation and other costly procedures. Ensure you have comprehensive insurance which covers all the activities you are planning to do.

Cool sea breezes and fresh mountain air can be deceiving. Wear plenty of sunscreen, and keep kids covered. The sun in Andalucia is particularly fierce year-round, so hats, sun screen and sunglasses with UV filters are recommended, especially if traveling in Spain with kids.

Carry plenty of water if hiking or cycling – dehydration happens quickly here. Many routes do not have convenience stores or restaurants along the way, so snacks are also advised to keep you going.

 Be aware of altitude sickness in areas above 2,500m. This includes the Picos de Europa and the Pyrenees. If you feel ill (dizzy, nauseous, breathless, headache), the best remedy is to descend. Avoid alcohol and keep well hydrated to reduce your chances of feeling ill. Acclimatising for a couple of days in the foothills before attempting any high-altitude climbs is also advisable.

Take note of the universal emergency number: 112. You can also dial 062 for the Guardia Civil (Civil Guard) for mountain rescue services and other accidents.

Most beaches outside of the popular resort areas are unguarded, especially outside of the peak season, although flags are often used to indicate safety. Do not enter the water if there is a red flag, undercurrents can be extremely strong. Keep an eye out for jellyfish as well. The good news is that there are a huge number of blue flag beaches where you can be confident of clean water.

Most of Spain is safe with relatively low crime rates. Pickpockets may act in tourist areas though – particularly in Barcelona. Be careful in bars at night, leave valuables in your hotel and don’t leave wallets or mobile phones on show. Be cautious on beaches too – don’t leave bags unattended while you swim.

Tap water is safe to drink, so bring refillable bottles to save money and the environment.

The weather is unpredictable and varies greatly from region to region. Keep an eye on the forecast if planning to trek or climb in more mountainous regions, and remember: the extreme heat can be just as dangerous as the cold, snow or fog.

Call the London-based Spanish National Tourist Office for safety and weather warnings on 020 7486 8077. If heading to the mountains for skiing, consult the European Avalanche Warning Services.

Due to the increasing number of climbers and skiers who get into difficulties due to negligence, Catalonia has begun to bill those who do not take adequate precautions and require rescuing.

Forest fires are common in summer months. Be extra cautious when using cigarettes and glass bottles, and never leave them behind. Causing a fire is a criminal offence even if unintentional.

There are numerous rules regarding driving in Spain, be sure to check you have all necessary equipment before hiring a car. The FCO website is a good place to start. Note: it is illegal to use a mobile phone when driving in Spain, even if you pull over. Completely hands-free units are permitted.

Be careful when driving in rural areas, especially in the mountains. Many remote roads are unlit and even unpaved – with switchbacks making driving tough.