Responsible tourism in Japan

The biggest issue with Japan, regarding sustainability, seems to be: why do they not shout about their exciting travel opportunities a little more than they do? Cultural tours, Skiing, alpine hiking, subtropical islands, family friendly, cycling remote valleys for cycling, unique traditions and almost nonexistent crime? No wonder the people who have travelled there go back again and again. There are hardly any issues to pick on here and yet, they aren’t really developing tourism as rapidly as they might. The biggest issue in Japan is, however, change. Their traditions and rituals are so engrained that any behavioural change seems to be layered with many complex reasons for not doing something. The whalemeat debate is the prime example of this, as discussed below. The Japanese are proud of their uniqueness, although never arrogant about it to visitors. But things are changing, as Japanese people travel and reach out more and more, some question the traditions which might not sit well with the rest of the world, and slowly, but surely, they are reviewing them.

If you want to be horrified at what some nations are doing with cetaceans, Japan is still, sadly, the go to place. Although many places in the world are waking up to the fact that dolphins or whales in captivity are just wrong on so many levels, dolphinariums are still big business in Japan. And of course, it is hard not to have heard about the highly unethical and shocking dolphin ‘drives’ in Taiji, where these exquisite creatures are corralled and then either sold off to dolphinariums, or killed in a slow, cruel manner, for their meat.

If you want to gain a greater understanding of cruelty against cetaceans, then the award winning documentary film, The Cove, is a must. Watch it for free on Top Documentary Films.

With regards to dolphins in captivity, according to animal welfare charity Care for the Wild International, captive dolphins have increased by 23% in Japan over the last ten years, and they still haven’t gotten to grips with the international realisation that, on so many levels, this is just wrong. We recently launched a worldwide campaign which involved a petition to the travel and tourism industry in partnership with the World Cetacean Alliance (WCA) Captivity Working Group to put a stop to orca whales being captured for tourism purposes, and to remove trips to such dolphinariums on their vacation itineraries. Read more about the campaign, entitled 'Say No to Orca Circuses’. Japan has around a hundred dolphinariums, about half of which use dolphins caught in the Taiji hunts. You can read more about these on Right Tourism.

As for eating whale meat, Japan is one of a few countries, including Norway and Iceland, which still hunts whales for eating, despite an international moratorium. In fact, Japan is the only market for fin whales caught in Iceland, which are all exported. However, the good news, according to research from Associated Press, is that demand for this once cheap food, is now falling in Japan, and “stockpiles of whale meat have doubled over the last 10 years; more than 2,300 minke whales worth of meat sits in freezers”. Despite this, it continues to be served in schools and Japan is still going to flout the ruling by the International Court of Justice in March 2014, to stop all whale hunting in the Antarctic, which Japan says is for ‘scientific research purposes’, and continue hunting the more common minke whale from next year. See BBC for more details.



What you can do
As well as embargoing the dolphinariums, you can engage in conversation with Japanese people as you go, spreading the word, politely. This is Japan after all and rocking the whale boat won’t get you anywhere. You can also support the work of leading conservation organisations like Care for the Wild International, the World Cetacean Alliance and Born Free. The good news is that some whaling communities are switching on to sustainability, slowly but surely, and setting up whale watching businesses, the most established being the Ogasawara Whale Watching Association (OWA), operating out of cluster of islands 1000kms off the coast of Tokyo. Still in its nascent stages, the whale watching industry is starting to grow, with the tide turning ever so slowly. Oh, and one more thing - might go without saying, but, don’t eat it.

The west looked on in disbelief at the devastating footage of Japan after the 2011 earthquake and tsunami, when whole towns crumbled and nearly 16,000 people perished. This was the biggest earthquake in Japan’s history. The Japanese people seemed to react with sadness, of course, but also with calm, respect and serenity as they grieved. Their country might explode or implode, but the Japanese never seem to crack. We can analyse it, envy it, want to ‘fix it’ or we can, simply, just admire it and, as visitors, be utterly charmed by it. This strength of character has been formed by a very clear set of traditions that have been preserved and passed down through generations and, although people are in no way adamant that visitors follow all their ways, if these images of human coping filled you with awe, it would be only decent to learn by example, and share in their Zen like respect.

Bathing is huge here, with bathhouses or sento on every street corner. They are segregated, so no worries on that front, and you do go in stark naked. Just make sure you soap and rinse your body before getting in the bath. In homes, baths are also a big part of the family ritual, with the water being kept hot, and then each family member taking a dip, one by one, in a strict order of course. Guest first, then the oldest male and female of the house and working down in age.

Bowing is also big. And the bigger the bow, the deeper the meaning generally. And, if someone holds a bow to you for more than about three seconds you are expected to bow back again, until the bows become shorter. Many Japanese people will, however, shake your hand. On the subject of hands, look out for trays beside the tills in shops, as these are where you are meant to put your money when paying for goods, and not put it into the till operator’s hand.

Gift giving sums up the generous, polite side of Japanese. And the way they wrap them represents their attention to detail and love of all things pretty. However, they don’t have to be big gifts, with simple fruits often being exchanged between neighbours. It’s a lovely habit to get into. And if you give one, you will always get one back. The most important bit of the gift game is to denigrate the gift you give, and praise the one you receive. For the visitor, it is a daily dose of theatre really. Embrace and enjoy.

The last but definitely not least thing to enjoy is the food. There are so many rules, but generally, if you say itadakimasu before you start, similar to bon appetit, you will hit the ground running. Eat everything on your plate if you can, otherwise you will be given more. Which is fine, if you want more, of course. You can bring your rice or soup bowl up to your mouth to make sure it doesn’t spill, but putting soya sauce onto white rice isn’t cool. Just dip your food into a small bowl of it if you want. And just as you wouldn’t blow your nose in your napkin, don’t wipe your face with the hot towel. In fact, blowing your nose in public, period, won’t win you friends.



What you can do

Make sure you get all the information you need before traveling in Japan from your tour operator about respecting cultural traditions. Read up before you go, and do try and learn some of the language. Politeness is key in Japan, and learning to say please and thank you in their language goes a long way. But don’t get too uptight about it. The Japanese are very accepting of foreign visitors, and are too polite to be offended by our faux pas. Top movies to catch before you go are Jiro Dreams of Sushi, and Departures, to give you a great sense of duty and honour that trickle, nay gush, through Japanese culture.

• Be prepared for quite a lot of inappropriate development in rural areas, with concrete cropping up just where you least expect it. Which, given that the Japanese preserve their cultural heritage so religiously, seems strange that they don’t always do the same for their natural heritage
• When it comes to watching wild animals perform, Japan is still locked in the past. We have addressed the dolphinariums issue above, but bear parks are also a feature. Vaguely disguised as homes for orphaned bears, they are now merely entertainment parks, where bears are housed in concrete cells, and trained to perform. Find out more at Right Tourism. Similarly, dog fighting still happens. You won’t find it on any responsible tourism itinerary, but known locally as token, it is on offer to tourists.
• Nuclear energy has been a major issue, since the devastating Fukushima catastrophe in March 2011. As a result, all 48 commercial reactors were shut down, and they remain shut today. In response, it has become the second largest installer of solar pv power. See Greenpeace for more details.
• Loggerhead turtles have known about the southern island of Yakushima long before loggerhead tourists, who now want to go and disturb their egg laying. Although it is a World Heritage Site, the numbers of tourists are on the up, with noise, light and trampling a major issue when it comes to preserving this extraordinary creature. Make sure you visit them with a responsible tourism operator, or maybe just leave them in peace.
• Although recycling is growing in Japan, a lot of food is wasted, and also the disposable chopstick thing is pretty scary in terms of trees being cut down. So, two quick solutions; bring your own chopsticks and eat up all your dinner.
• Vegetarianism is still only really catching on in Japan, so make sure you carry good translations with you at all times so that you know what to order.

Photo credits: [Whale meat: Jessica Spengler] [Sacred culture - tea ceremony: Bruno Cordioli]